Settings, Functions, and Types of Communication

Settings: Communication occurs in formal and informal settings (see pp. 9-12).

Functions: Communication occurs for several different reasons, sometimes for more than one reason at a time. Some of the most common reasons are to meet social needs or to make decisions (see pp. 7-8).

Types: Communication varies according to the number of people involved and the extent to which each individual has an opportunity to communicate. The five general types of communication are—

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Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself. Obviously, only one person is involved and there are limitless opportunities for the individual to communicate.

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Interpersonal communication is communication between two people. Each person can potentially contribute to the conversation about 50 % of the time, with rapid exchange of information.

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Group communication occurs with three to approximately ten people. With more people involved, there is less opportunity for each individual to contribute to the discussion. Also, there is greater need for one or more members of the group to control or direct the conversation.

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Public communication involves ten or more people communicating in person. Because of the large number present, only one person at a time can address the group, so individuals generally spend most or all of the time listening, with little opportunity to speak to the others.

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Mass communication requires electronic technology in which a few persons may communicate to many people at one time through public address systems, radio, television, or computers. The number of people involved can reach into the millions, but individuals have little or no opportunity to contribute to the messages being sent over the electronic media. This communication is usually one-sided, so feedback from the receivers is delayed, if it can be sent at all.

Study the concepts mentioned above and in your text. Then complete the chart below to show your understanding of these concepts.

Directions: in the chart below, list eight examples of communication you have been involved in during the last week. Fill in the information called for in each column, using the terms given on the other side. Try to include at least one example of each type of communication in your chart. A few examples are done for you.

 

Person(s) Involved (besides you)

Location

Topic of Conversation

Setting (Formal or Informal?)

Function (see reasons above)

Type (listed above)

brother

home

borrowing money

informal

to make decisions

interpersonal

teacher

Biology class

biology lesson

formal

to make decisions

public

friends

commons at lunch

jokes, having fun

informal

to meet social needs

group

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